Aspartame
The short version
An intense low-calorie sweetener about 200 times sweeter than sucrose, used in diet beverages.
A low-calorie sweetener. It's approved and fine for most people, but those with the rare condition PKU must avoid it, and in 2023 the WHO's cancer agency listed it as 'possibly carcinogenic' — a weak, debated classification. Those open questions are why we flag it.
Where it comes from
Discovered accidentally in 1965 by James Schlatter while developing an ulcer drug. Approved by the FDA in 1981 after years of debate.
How it's used
Used in diet sodas, sugar-free gum, yogurts, and tabletop sweeteners. Loses sweetness when heated, so unsuitable for baking.
Safety profile
ADI of 40 mg/kg body weight (EU). In 2023 the IARC classified aspartame as 'possibly carcinogenic' (Group 2B), while JECFA reaffirmed the ADI. People with phenylketonuria (PKU) must avoid it since it contains phenylalanine — explicit warning labels are mandatory.
Physical & chemical properties
White crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water. Breaks down in solution over time and under heat, particularly above pH 6.
Regulation worldwide
Permitted globally with strict ADI. Phenylketonuria warning required on all packaging.
Educational information only. Not medical or dietary advice.