Alpha-Tocopherol (synthetic)
The short version
The synthetic single-isomer form of vitamin E — used in oils, infant formula, and supplements.
It's widely considered safe at the amounts used in food, so we mark it green. The Safety section below has the details.
Where it comes from
Manufactured by chemical synthesis from petroleum-derived precursors — the result is racemic dl-α-tocopherol (eight stereoisomers, only one matching the natural form). Less expensive than the extracted natural form (E306).
How it's used
Used to protect vegetable oils, margarines, and emulsions from oxidation, and as the vitamin-E source in many infant formulas and fortified foods. The single-α-isomer is sometimes preferred over the natural mixed tocopherol blend for label clarity (one compound vs. a mixture).
Safety profile
ADI not specified — well-tolerated. The synthetic dl-form has lower biological activity (~74% of natural d-α-tocopherol per the IU conversion factor), so larger doses are typically required for equivalent vitamin-E effect. Antioxidant performance is similar.
Physical & chemical properties
Pale yellow viscous oil. Insoluble in water; soluble in oils and ethanol. Sensitive to light and oxygen — packaged under inert atmosphere.
Regulation worldwide
Permitted globally as both an additive and a vitamin source.
Educational information only. Not medical or dietary advice.