Carmoisine
The short version
A bright cherry-red synthetic azo dye common in European jellies, jams, and beverages.
A synthetic red dye (Azorubine / Carmoisine). It's approved in the EU but banned in some countries, and it's one of the dyes that must carry a hyperactivity warning label. That's why we flag it.
Where it comes from
A synthetic azo dye developed in the early 20th century. Synthesized by coupling diazotized 4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulphonic acid with 1-naphthol-4-sulphonic acid, yielding a red water-soluble disodium salt.
How it's used
Used in jellies, jams, sauces, marzipan, and beverages where a bright cherry-red is wanted. Common in European brands; rarely in the US. Typical use 30–100 mg/kg.
Safety profile
ADI of 4 mg/kg body weight. Like other azo dyes in the Southampton six, EU labelling requires the children's hyperactivity warning. Reports of urticaria and asthma in aspirin-sensitive individuals. Not approved by the US FDA.
Physical & chemical properties
Red crystalline powder, freely soluble in water. Stable in acidic and neutral conditions; sensitive to strong oxidizers. Sulfonic acid groups confer water solubility.
Regulation worldwide
Permitted in the EU with the Southampton warning. Not approved in the US, Japan, Canada, or Norway. Used in many Asian markets.
Educational information only. Not medical or dietary advice.