Sodium Benzoate
The short version
A water-soluble preservative effective in acidic foods, especially soft drinks and pickles.
A very common preservative (sodium benzoate). It's approved, but with vitamin C in the same drink it can form traces of benzene (a carcinogen), and it triggers pseudo-allergic reactions in some people. Those caveats are why we flag it.
Where it comes from
Discovered as a preservative in the late 19th century. Benzoic acid occurs naturally in cranberries, prunes, and cinnamon. Industrial sodium benzoate is produced by neutralizing benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide.
How it's used
Used in carbonated soft drinks, fruit juices, jams, pickles, and condiments at concentrations of 0.05% to 0.1%. Most effective at pH below 4.5.
Safety profile
ADI of 5 mg/kg body weight. In the presence of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and heat or light, sodium benzoate can form trace amounts of benzene, a known carcinogen. This interaction is the basis of ongoing reformulation efforts in the beverage industry.
Physical & chemical properties
White crystalline powder, very soluble in water. Acts by interfering with intracellular pH of microorganisms. Effectiveness drops sharply above pH 4.5.
Regulation worldwide
Permitted globally with strict limits. EU max levels range from 150 to 2000 mg/kg depending on product category.
Educational information only. Not medical or dietary advice.