Sunset Yellow FCF
The short version
A bright orange synthetic azo dye used in soft drinks, candies, and snack foods.
A synthetic orange dye (Sunset Yellow / Yellow 6). It adds colour only, and it's one of the dyes linked in studies to hyperactivity in some children, so the EU requires a warning label. That's why we flag it.
Where it comes from
First synthesized in the late 19th century from petroleum derivatives. The dye is produced by diazotization of sulphanilic acid coupled with the sodium salt of 2-naphthol-6-sulphonic acid, giving a vivid orange water-soluble compound.
How it's used
Used in carbonated beverages, sweets, ice cream lollies, packet soups, and processed cheese. Often combined with E102 Tartrazine to extend the orange-yellow palette. Typical use 5–50 mg/kg depending on product.
Safety profile
ADI of 4 mg/kg body weight (EFSA 2014 re-evaluation). Identified in the Southampton study as one of six dyes linked to increased hyperactivity in some children — EU labelling requires the warning 'May have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children'. Aspirin-sensitive individuals can develop urticaria.
Physical & chemical properties
Orange-red powder, very soluble in water, soluble in ethanol. Stable to light, heat, and acid but degraded by reducing agents. Sulfonic groups make it negatively charged across the food pH range.
Regulation worldwide
Permitted in the EU and US (FDA FD&C Yellow 6). EU mandates the Southampton warning label since 2010. Banned or restricted in Norway and Finland for most uses.
Educational information only. Not medical or dietary advice.