Hypromellose
The short version
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) — a vegan capsule material and gluten-free baking ingredient.
It's widely considered safe at the amounts used in food, so we mark it green. The Safety section below has the details.
Where it comes from
Manufactured from cellulose by sequential treatment with methyl chloride and propylene oxide, replacing some hydroxyl groups with methyl and hydroxypropyl ethers. Developed in the mid-20th century.
How it's used
The dominant vegan capsule material in pharmaceuticals and supplements (replacing gelatin). Also used in gluten-free bread to mimic gluten's elastic structure, eye drops as a lubricant, and tablet coatings for controlled release.
Safety profile
No ADI specified — considered safe and largely inert. Not absorbed; behaves as soluble fiber. Like other modified celluloses, included in some recent dietary-emulsifier observational studies.
Physical & chemical properties
White to off-white powder, soluble in cold water (gels on heating like E461). Combines the heat-set gelation of methylcellulose with the cold-soluble behavior of hydroxypropyl groups.
Regulation worldwide
Permitted globally without restrictive limits for food use.
Educational information only. Not medical or dietary advice.