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E232PreservativeModerate concern

Sodium Orthophenylphenate

In plain words

The short version

The sodium salt of orthophenylphenol — the spray-applied form for citrus post-harvest treatment.

Why we flag it amber

It's permitted and generally considered safe, but there are a few reasons to be mindful — like sensitivities in some people, debated studies, or intake limits. The Safety section below explains the specifics.

01Origin

Where it comes from

Produced by neutralizing orthophenylphenol (E231) with sodium hydroxide. The water-soluble sodium salt is the spray-form for citrus packing-house applications.

02Usage

How it's used

Sprayed onto citrus fruit immediately after harvest to inhibit Penicillium and other post-harvest molds. Residue on the skin must be declared (EU and UK). The wax-applied form (E231) is used for longer storage; the spray form (E232) for shorter applications.

03Safety

Safety profile

ADI of 0–0.4 mg/kg body weight (combined with E231). Applied to skin only — not intended for consumption. The peel-zest precaution from E231 applies to E232 as well.

04Properties

Physical & chemical properties

White to off-white crystalline powder. Very soluble in water (much more than the free phenol).

05Regulation

Regulation worldwide

Permitted in the EU, US, and most jurisdictions as a citrus post-harvest treatment with mandatory labelling.

Educational information only. Not medical or dietary advice.