Methyl p-Hydroxybenzoate
The short version
A methyl paraben preservative — historically the most common paraben, now restricted in EU food use.
It's permitted and generally considered safe, but there are a few reasons to be mindful — like sensitivities in some people, debated studies, or intake limits. The Safety section below explains the specifics.
Where it comes from
The methyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The smallest of the paraben homologs and historically the most widely used due to low cost and broad antimicrobial spectrum.
How it's used
In the EU, food use is now limited to jellied meat coatings and liquid supplements. Dominant remaining use is in cosmetics, personal care, and pharmaceuticals.
Safety profile
ADI of 10 mg/kg body weight (combined methyl, ethyl, and their salts). Weak estrogenic activity reported in vitro; the relevance at food-additive levels is debated. Some studies have found parabens in human breast tissue, which raised public concern but is not in itself evidence of harm.
Physical & chemical properties
White crystalline powder, sparingly soluble in cold water, soluble in ethanol. Most active in protonated form at low pH.
Regulation worldwide
Permitted in the EU only in restricted food categories. Broader use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals continues with maximum levels.
Educational information only. Not medical or dietary advice.