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E214PreservativeModerate concern

Ethyl p-Hydroxybenzoate

In plain words

The short version

An ethyl paraben preservative — one of the few parabens still permitted in EU food use.

Why we flag it amber

It's permitted and generally considered safe, but there are a few reasons to be mindful — like sensitivities in some people, debated studies, or intake limits. The Safety section below explains the specifics.

01Origin

Where it comes from

An ethyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Parabens were developed in the 1920s as broad-spectrum antimicrobials for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals; food use followed but has been progressively narrowed.

02Usage

How it's used

Used in jellied meats (aspic), liquid food supplements, and pharmaceutical preparations. Most paraben use is in cosmetics and personal care rather than food.

03Safety

Safety profile

ADI of 10 mg/kg body weight (combined methyl, ethyl, and their salts; EFSA 2004). Parabens have weak estrogen-mimicking activity in vitro; the human relevance at food-additive exposure is contested. EFSA withdrew approval for propyl- and butyl-parabens (E216, E217) in 2006 based on testicular and developmental concerns.

04Properties

Physical & chemical properties

White crystalline powder, sparingly soluble in cold water, soluble in ethanol. Effective antimicrobial across a broader pH range than sorbates or benzoates.

05Regulation

Regulation worldwide

Permitted in the EU only in jellied meat preparations and liquid supplements. Propyl- and butyl-paraben food use withdrawn in 2006. Permitted more broadly in some other jurisdictions.

Educational information only. Not medical or dietary advice.