Benzoic Acid
The short version
The parent acid of sodium benzoate — naturally occurring in cranberries, the same preservative mechanism.
A common preservative (benzoic acid). It's approved, but combined with vitamin C it can form tiny amounts of benzene (a carcinogen), and it can cause pseudo-allergic reactions in sensitive people. Those caveats are why we flag it.
Where it comes from
Naturally present in cranberries, prunes, and several spices. First isolated from gum benzoin in the 16th century. Industrial production today is from toluene oxidation.
How it's used
Used in soft drinks, fruit juices, pickles, and condiments — typically interchangeable with sodium benzoate (E211). Less water-soluble than the sodium salt, so the salt is preferred in beverages.
Safety profile
ADI of 5 mg/kg body weight (combined with benzoate salts). In the presence of ascorbic acid and heat or light, can form trace benzene — the same concern as E211. The monitoring and reformulation history is shared with sodium benzoate.
Physical & chemical properties
White crystalline powder, sparingly soluble in cold water, more soluble in hot water. The undissociated acid is the active antimicrobial form — most effective below pH 4.5.
Regulation worldwide
Permitted globally with strict maximum levels per category.
Educational information only. Not medical or dietary advice.