Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)
The short version
PVP — a polymeric stabilizer and clarifying agent used in wine, beer, and supplements.
It's widely considered safe at the amounts used in food, so we mark it green. The Safety section below has the details.
Where it comes from
Polymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer, manufactured by free-radical polymerization. Available in a range of molecular weights for different applications.
How it's used
The standard fining agent for clarifying wine and beer — binds tannins and polyphenols then precipitates them out. The insoluble cross-linked form (PVPP, E1202) is used for irreversible removal. In supplements and pharma, PVP is a tablet binder and capsule shell modifier.
Safety profile
ADI of 0–50 mg/kg body weight (JECFA). Considered safe. Larger molecular weights are not absorbed; very small fragments may cross the gut wall but are excreted intact.
Physical & chemical properties
White to off-white powder. Very soluble in water and most polar solvents. Forms clear viscous solutions. Stable in storage.
Regulation worldwide
Permitted globally with specified use categories (mainly beverage clarification and pharmaceutical use).
Educational information only. Not medical or dietary advice.