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E150bColorantModerate concern
Caustic Sulfite Caramel
In plain words
The short version
Class II caramel — sulfite-processed sugar coloring used in cognac, sherry, and soy sauce.
Why we flag it amber
It's permitted and generally considered safe, but there are a few reasons to be mindful — like sensitivities in some people, debated studies, or intake limits. The Safety section below explains the specifics.
Safety profile
ADI of 0–160 mg/kg body weight. Does not contain 4-MEI (the 4-methylimidazole concern is specific to ammonia-process caramels III and IV). Residual sulfite is generally low but products may need to declare sulfites depending on jurisdiction.
The detail
Manufactured by controlled thermal decomposition of carbohydrates in the presence of sulfite salts (but no ammonium compounds). Different stability and ion-charge profile from the other caramels.
The standard caramel for cognac, sherry, vermouth, balsamic-vinegar coloring, and some whiskeys — provides a deeper red-brown tone compatible with alcoholic, low-pH systems. Less common than caramels I and IV but specific to spirits and aged-condiment products.
Dark brown to black viscous liquid or powder, negatively charged at typical food pH. Soluble in water and alcohol; not heat-sensitive. Compatible with acidic and alcoholic environments where the ammonium caramels precipitate or interact poorly.
Permitted globally. Sulfite declaration may be required if residuals exceed the regulatory threshold for the matrix.
Sources
- EFSA — Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of caramel colours (E 150 a,b,c,d) as food additives (2011) — European Food Safety Authority (ANS Panel), 2011. Safety evaluation; Class II exposure below the ADI (group ADI 300 mg/kg bw)
- WHO JECFA database — Caustic sulfite caramel / Caramel colour Class II (INS 150b) — Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, 2000. ADI 0–160 mg/kg bw
- EU — Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012, specifications for food additives (consolidated text of 18.08.2026) — Publications Office of the European Union, 2026. Made with sulphite compounds, no ammonium compounds (so no 4-MEI spec)
- US eCFR — 21 CFR 73.85 Caramel (version of 2026-10-13) — Office of the Federal Register / US FDA, 2026. US: caramel (incl. sulfite-assisted) permitted for coloring foods
Checked against these sources on .
Educational information only. Not medical, dietary or veterinary advice. Spotted an error? Tell us.