Amaranth
The short version
A synthetic red azo dye, banned as a food color in the US but permitted in the EU for limited uses.
It's allowed, but comes with clearer cautions — such as reactions in sensitive people, stricter limits, or contested safety. The Safety section below explains why.
Where it comes from
A synthetic red azo dye (FD&C Red No. 2), first made in the late 19th century. It is named after the amaranth plant's color, not derived from it.
How it's used
Red-to-purple colorant for beverages, caviar and roe, and some spirits and desserts, where it remains permitted.
Safety profile
ADI 0.15 mg/kg body weight (JECFA). Banned as a food color in the United States since 1976 over disputed carcinogenicity data; still permitted in the EU for limited uses. As an azo dye it can provoke reactions in sensitive or asthmatic individuals.
Physical & chemical properties
Dark red-brown water-soluble powder; stable to light and heat but fades with sulfur dioxide and reducing sugars.
Regulation worldwide
EU-permitted (restricted uses); banned for food use in the US; varies elsewhere.
Educational information only. Not medical or dietary advice.