Cochineal
The short version
A natural red dye extracted from cochineal insects, giving rich crimson and pink tones.
It's widely considered safe at the amounts used in food, so we mark it green. The Safety section below has the details.
Where it comes from
Extracted from the dried bodies of female Dactylopius coccus insects, which feed on prickly pear cacti. Used as a textile dye in Aztec and Inca cultures long before reaching Europe in the 16th century.
How it's used
Used in yogurts, jams, candies, beverages, and cosmetics where a stable natural red is desired. Also widespread in lipstick and blush.
Safety profile
ADI of 5 mg/kg body weight. Can cause severe allergic reactions including anaphylaxis in rare cases. Not suitable for vegetarians or vegans because of its animal origin.
Physical & chemical properties
Color shifts with pH — orange in acidic solutions, red at neutral, violet in alkaline. Excellent light and heat stability.
Regulation worldwide
Permitted globally. The US FDA requires explicit labeling as 'carmine' or 'cochineal extract' since 2011 due to allergen concerns.
Educational information only. Not medical or dietary advice.